### WAN구간 Layer 2 Protocol [글꼴 : 바탕 / 굵게 / 크기 : 16]
-종류
: PPP , HDLC , Frame-relay , ATM
## Frame-Relay 패켓 스위칭 서비스
-Router와 Ruter간 연결시 Connected통신시 사용되는 Protocol
-Router와 Router사이에서 Frame-relay Switch를 사용하여 빠른 Swtiching을 통해 데이터를 전송하는 Protocol
-장점
-전용 회선과 동일한 전송 보장 서비스를 받을 수 있으며, 대신 전용 회선에 비해서 비용이 저렴하다.
-Layer 2 계층 서비스를 실시하기 때문에 고속능 서비스 구현이 가능하다.
-하나의 인터페이스 및 연결을 이용하여 Multi-access가 가능하다.
[EX : 여러개의 지사(지점)이 위치해 있는 회사]
-단점
.다수의 사용자가 공동으로 사용하기때문에 보안에는 취약하며
동시에 통신을 사용하게되면 신뢰적인 대역폭을 사용할수는 없다.
-Frame-relay는 DLCI라는 식별자 Code를 사용하여 통신을 실시한다. (주소체계)
-Frame-relay Virtua Circuit을 생성하여 통신을 실시
.Frame-relay간 가상의 연결을 VC(Virtua Circuit)라고 한다.
.VC은 수동으로 연결를 실시한 PVC와 자동으로 통신을 실시하는 SVC로 구성이 가능하다.
.PVC(Permanent VC) : 영구적 가상회선으로 통신이 빈번히 일어나는 구간에서 효율적인 통신
.SVC(Switched VC) : 교환식 가상회선으로 간혈적인 통신이 실시되는 구간에서 효율적인 통신
-Frame-relay LMI (Local Management Interface)
.기본적인 프레임 릴레이 규격화된 종류로써 DLCI에 대한 상태를 관리하며
시그널 메세지를 사용하여 연결 유/무를 주기적으로 확인한다.
.LMI는 CISCO Router는 기본값 ATUO로 설정되어있으며 Frame-relay Switch의 LMI Type으로 설정된다]
.Cisco
.ANSI
.Q933A 3가지가 존재한다.
interface serial 1/x
frame-relay lmi-type [cisco | ansi | q933a]
!
-Frame-relay Status
.Active : Frame-relay VC이 연결된 상태 (통신이 가능한 상태)
.Inactive : Local Router와 FR-SW연결이 실시되었지만 FR-SW와 Remote Router간 연결이 안되었을 경우
.Deleted : Frame-relay연결이 실시되지 않은상태 (L2 Protocol이 다른거나 LMI Type이 다른경우)
=============================================================================================================================
[실습용 Frame-relay 물리 구성도]
------------------------------------------------------
| FR-Switch |
------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
S1/0 S1/1 S1/2 S1/3 S0/0 S0/1
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0
| | | | | |
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
102 192.168.100.0/24 201
S 1/0 S 1/0 S1/1 S 1/0
R1-------------------------------FR-------------------------------R2
103 | 203
S1/2
|
|
S1/0
301 | 302
R3
# FRSW
no ip routing : Router 기능 해제 (Frame-relay Switch로 사용)
!
frame-relay switching : Frame-relay Switch기능 활성화
!
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay : Layer 2 Protocol 지정
frame-relay intf-type dce : 해당 Interface를 DCE로 지정
clock rate 1612800 : 대역폭에 따른 전송 속도 지정
frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201 : Frame-relay 경로 설정
frame-relay route 103 interface serial 1/2 301 : Frame-relay 경로 설정
!
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 301 interface serial 1/0 103
frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!
# R1
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.2 102
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.3 103
ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
# R2
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.1 201
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.3 203
ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
!
# R3
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.1 301
frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.2 302
ip address 192.168.100.3 255.255.255.0
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R1# ping 192.168.100.2
R1# ping 192.168.100.3
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R2# ping 192.168.100.1
R2# ping 192.168.100.3
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R3# ping 192.168.100.1
R3# ping 192.168.100.2
R1# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
R2# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.3 dlci 203(0xCB,0x30B0), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
R3# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.2 dlci 302(0x12E,0x48E0), static,
CISCO, status defined, active
-Active : Frame-relay V/C이 정상적으로 연결
-Incative : 해당 Router와 Frame-relay Switch간 구간은 연결되었으나 Remote Router와 Switch간 구간 연결상의 문제
-Delete : 해당 Router와 Frame-relay Switch간 구간 연결상의 문제
(Layer 2 Protocol이 다른경우 , Frame-relay LMI Type이 다른 경우)
[기본 Router는 ATUO로 설정 , Frame-relay Switch의 LMI Type으로 설정된다 , Frame-relay Switch는 LMI-type은 CISCO]
FRSW# show frame-relay route
Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status
Serial1/0 102 Serial1/1 201 active
Serial1/0 103 Serial1/2 301 active
Serial1/1 201 Serial1/0 102 active
Serial1/1 203 Serial1/2 302 active
Serial1/2 301 Serial1/0 103 active
Serial1/2 302 Serial1/1 203 active
===========================================================================================================================================================================
### Sub-interface
-하나의 물리적 Interface를 여러개의 논리적인 Interface로 분할하여 사용하는 기능
[Frame-relay Sub-interface는 V/C단위로 생성이 가능하다.]
-Frame-relay Sub-interface는 Point-to-point방식과 Multipoint방식으로 구성이 가능하다.
-주 Interface : Interface를 분할하지 않은 Interface [1:N]
-Sub-Interface Point-to-point : 논리적인 Interface로 분할한 Interface [1:1연결]
-Sub-Interface Multipoint : 논리적인 Interface로 분할한 Interface [1:N]
-주 Interface = 주 Interface
-Sub-Int Point-to-point = Sub-Int Point-to-point
-Sub-Int Multipoint = Sub-Int Multipoint
-주 Interface = Sub-Int Multipoint
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Point-to-point
-Point-to-point로 만들어진 Interface들은 서로 다른 네트워크로 동작을 실시하게된다.
------------------------------------------------------
| FR-Switch |
------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
S1/0 S1/1 S1/2 S1/3 S0/0 S0/1
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0 S1/0
| | | | | |
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
102 192.168.12.0/24 201 203 192.168.23.0/24 302
R1------------FRSW------------R2------------FRSW------------R3
S1/0.12 Point-to-point S1/0.23 Point-to-point
# FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
!
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!
# R1
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.12 point-to-point
frame-relay interface-dlci 102
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
# R2
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.12 point-to-point
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface serial 1/0.23 point-to-point
frame-relay interface-dlci 203
ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
# R3
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.23 point-to-point
frame-relay interface-dlci 302
ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.12
R1# ping 192.168.12.2
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.12
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
R2# ping 192.168.12.1
R2# ping 192.168.23.3
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
R3# ping 192.168.23.2
R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi
FRSW# show frame-relay route
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Multipoint
-하나의 Interface를 사용하여 동일 네트워크상으로 여러대의 장비를 연결하는 기능 (NBMA)
Frame-relay Multipoint는 Full-mash방식과 , Hub&spoke방식으로 구성이 가능하다.
## Full-mash
-연결된 모든 Frame-relay Router간 V/C을 연결하는 구조
---102----R1
/ |
/ 103
/ |
201 / |
R2------- | 192.168.123.0/24
203 / |
/ |
/ 301
/ |
---302----R3
# FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
frame-relay route 103 interface serial 1/2 301
!
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 301 interface serial 1/0 103
frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!
# R1
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 103
ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0
!
# R2
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 202
ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0
!
# R3
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 301
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302
ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.123.2
R1# ping 192.168.123.3
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.123.1
R2# ping 192.168.123.3
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R3# ping 192.168.123.1
R3# ping 192.168.123.2
R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi
FRSW# show frame-relay route
## Hub&Spoke
-모든 Frame-relay Router가 Hub Router에 연결되는 구조
---102---R1
/
/
/
201 /
R2------- 192.168.123.0/24
203 /
/
/
/
---302---R3
# FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
!
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
clock rate 1612800
frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!
# R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203
ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0
!
# R1 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 102
ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0
!
# R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 302
ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.123.2
R1# ping 192.168.123.3
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.123.1
R2# ping 192.168.123.3
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R3# ping 192.168.123.1
R3# ping 192.168.123.2
R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi
FRSW# show frame-relay route
=============================================================================================================================
## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [RIP]
EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
.각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/1에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
.RIPv2를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오
# R1
interface fastethernet 0/1
no shutdown
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.123.0
!
# R2
interface fastethernet 0/1
no shutdown
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.123.0
!
# R3
interface fastethernet 0/1
no shutdown
ip address 192.168.3.3 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.123.0
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
-R1 , R2 , R3에서 Routing table을 확인하게되면 Connected 정보만 확인되며 RIPv2 정보는 확인되지 않는다.
-Frame-relay Multipoint는 NBMA(Non Broadcast Multi-Access)구간으로 Broadcast를 차단한 Network이다.
Broadcast가 실시되지 않기때문에 Multicast Traffic도 실시되지 못한다.
'Broadcast' command를 사용하여 RIPv2 Dymamic Routing 업데이트를 실시할수 있다.
-RIPv2 라우팅 업데이트 방식
: 목적지 IP 주소 "Multicast 224.0.0.9"를 사용
-EIGRP 라우팅 업데이트 방식
: 목적지 IP 주소 Multicast "224.0.0.10"를 사용
-OSPF 라우팅 업데이트 방식
: 목적지 IP 주소 Multicast "224.0.0.5 , 224.0.0.6"를 사용
# R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201 broadcast
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203 broadcast
!
# R1 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102 broadcast
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 102 broadcast
!
# R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302 broadcast
frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 302 broadcast
!
정보 확인
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:00, Serial1/0.123
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.123
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
-Frame-relay "Broadcast" command 설정 후 Routing table을 확인하게되면 R2의 Routing Table에
"192.168.1.0/24 , 192.168.2.0/24 , 192.168.3.0/24" 네트워크정보가 RIPv2로 확인된다.
하지만 R1에서는 R3의 네트워크인 192.168.3.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않으며
R3에서는 R1의 네트워크인 192.168.1.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않는다.
-원인
: R1이 FastEthernet 0/0에 할당된 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크를 R2에게 RIPv2 라우팅 업데이트하게되면
R2는 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 해당 네트워크 정보를 수신한다.
R2는 R1에게서 수신한 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크 정보를 Routing Table에 등록후
R3에게 해당 네트워크 정보를 RIPv2로 송신할수 없다 (R3의 routing table에 "192.168.1.0/24" 정보가 RIP으로 확인되지 않는다.)
(RIPv2는 "Distance Vectr"계열의 Routing Protocol이므로 "Split-horizon"에 수신한 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신할수 없다.)
즉 R1에게 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 수신한"192.168.1.0/24" 정보는 Split-horizon에 의해
Serial 1/0.123 interface에 연결된 R3으로 라우팅 할수없다.
-Frame-relay는 주interface에는 Split-horizon이 동작하지 않으며 (Split-horizon Off)
Sub-interface에는 Split-horizon가 기본적으로 동작하고있다. (Split-horizon On)
-해결 : Hub Router에서 Split-horizon기능을 해제
# R2 (Hub)
interface serial 1/0.123
no ip split-horizon <--- Split-horizon 기능 해제
!
-R1 , R2 , R3 Router간 Rouitng update되며 모든 네트워크 구간이 통신된다.
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:25, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:20, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.123
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3
## 정보확인 실시후 RIPv2 삭제 실시
# R1 , R2 , R3
no router rip
!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [EIGRP]
EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
.각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/0에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
.EIGRP를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오
.AS = 100을 사용하며 자동요약 기능은 사용하지 않는다.
# R2 [Hub]
router eigrp 100
no auto-summary
network 192.168.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.123.2 0.0.0.0
!
# R1 [Spoke]
router eigrp 100
no auto-summary
network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.123.1 0.0.0.0
!
# R3 [Spoke]
router eigrp 100
no auto-summary
network 192.168.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.123.3 0.0.0.0
!
정보확인
R1# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 1개 확인]
R2# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 2개 확인]
R3# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 1개 확인]
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:01, Serial1/0.123
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0.123
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
-설정 후 R1 , R2 , R3의 Routing table을 확인하게되면 R2의 Routing Table에
"192.168.1.0/24 , 192.168.2.0/24 , 192.168.3.0/24" 네트워크정보가 EIGRP로 확인된다.
하지만 R1에서는 R3의 네트워크인 192.168.3.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않으며
R3에서는 R1의 네트워크인 192.168.1.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않는다.
-원인
: R1이 FastEthernet 0/0에 할당된 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크를 R2에게 EIGRP 라우팅 업데이트하게되면
R2는 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 해당 네트워크 정보를 수신한다.
R2는 R1에게서 수신한 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크 정보를 Routing Table에 등록후
R3에게 해당 네트워크 정보를 RIPv2로 송신할수 없다 (R3의 routing table에 "192.168.1.0/24" 정보가 EIGRP로 확인되지 않는다.)
(EIGRP는 "Distance Vectr"계열의 Routing Protocol이므로 "Split-horizon"에 수신한 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신할수 없다.)
즉 R1에게 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 수신한"192.168.1.0/24" 정보는 Split-horizon에 의해
Serial 1/0.123 interface에 연결된 R3으로 라우팅 업데이트 할수없다.
-EIGRP도 Distance Vectr이므로 Split-horizon에 의해 업데이트받은 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신하지 못한다
# R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
no ip split-horizon eigrp 100 <-- EIGRP Split-horizon 기능 해제
!
-R1 , R2 , R3간 모든 Rouitng update가 실시되어지며 모든 네트워크간 통신이 실시된다.
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:00, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:42, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:04, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:02, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:43, Serial1/0.123
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:02:59, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3
## 정보확인 실시후 EIGRP 삭제 실시
# R1 , R2 , R3
no router eigrp 100
!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [OSPF]
EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
.각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/0에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
.OSPF를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오
.Process = 100 , Area = 0 을 사용하며 Router-ID = x.x.x.x [x = Router번호]
# R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R1 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R3 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
정보확인
R1/2/3# show ip ospf neighbor [인접성 연결 X]
R1/2/3# show ip route [Routing Table에 Connecte만 확인]
-설정 완료 후 Neighbor table에는 OSPF 인접성 정보가 확인되지 않으며 Routing table을 확인하게되면 Conneced 정보만 확인된다.
==================================================================================================================
Network Type | Hello/Dead | DR/BDR | 통신 Protocol |
==================================================================================================================
.Broadcast (BMA) | 10/40 | 선출함 | Ethernet , FastEthernet |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Non Broadcast (NBMA) | 30/120 | 선출함 | F/R Multipoint , NBMA구간 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Point-to-point | 10/40 | 선출안함 | PPP , HDLC , F/R P2P |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Point-to-Multipoint | 30/120 | 선출안함 | 없음 (OSPF에만 존재하는 환경) |
==================================================================================================================
[NBMA 구간에서 OSPF 인접성 연결 방법]
-1. NBMA구간에서 OSPF는 "DR/BDR"을 선출시 'Neighbor' command를 지정한 Router와 인접성을 맺는다
-2. NBMA구간에서 두대의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-point로 변경
-3. NBMA구간에서 3대 이상의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-multipoint로 변경
-1. NBMA구간에서 OSPF는 "DR/BDR"을 선출시 'Neighbor' command를 지정한 Router와 인접성을 맺는다
EX1) R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 환경에서 OSPF를 구성하여 모든 네트워크간 통신되도록 설정하시오
.OSPF Process = 100 , Area = 0 , Router-ID = X.X.X.X (X = Router 번호)
.R2가 DR로 선출되어야하며 BDR은 선출하지 않아야 한다.
# R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R1 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R3 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
ip ospf priority 255 <----- R2를 DR로 선출하기위한 우선순위값 설정
!
# R1 , R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/00
ip ospf priority 0 <----- R1 , R3을 BDR을 선출하지 않기위한 우선순위값 설정
!
# R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
neighbor 192.168.123.1 <--- OSPF NBMA환경에서 DR을 선출하면서 인접성을 연결하기위해서는 "neighbor" command를 사용해야한다.
neighbor 192.168.123.3 <--- OSPF NBMA환경에서 DR을 선출하면서 인접성을 연결하기위해서는 "neighbor" command를 사용해야한다.
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 255 FULL/DR 00:01:46 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0 <---- R2가 DR로 선출
R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:38 192.168.123.1 Serial1/0.123 <---- R1이 DROTHER로 선출
3.3.3.3 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:43 192.168.123.3 Serial1/0.123 <---- R3이 DROTHER로 선출
R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 255 FULL/DR 00:01:46 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0 <---- R2가 DR로 선출
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:25, Serial1/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:25, Serial1/0
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1
R2# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:31, Serial1/0.123
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:31, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2
R3# show ip route
C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:31, Serial1/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:31, Serial1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3
-2. NBMA구간에서 두대의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-point로 변경
EX) R1 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 OSPF인접성을 연결하시오
.R1 , R3 연결구간에서 DR/BDR은 선출하지 않아야한다
# R1
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.13.3 113 broadcast
ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
router ospf 100
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
# R3
interface serial 1/1
no shutdown
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.13.1 311 broadcast
ip address 192.168.13.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 100
network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
정보 확인
R1# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 192.168.13.3 Serial1/1 <---- R3과 인접성 연결시 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
2.2.2.2 255 FULL/DR 00:01:56 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0
R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 192.168.13.1 Serial1/1 <---- R1과 인접성 연결시 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
2.2.2.2 255 FULL/DR 00:01:28 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0
R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1 [Network-Type 변경 전]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 NBMA로 확인
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
No designated router on this network
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------
R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1 [Network-Type 변경 후]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 Point-to-point로 확인
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit
------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------
-3. NBMA구간에서 3대 이상의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-multipoint로 변
EX) R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR은 선출하지않고 OSPF 인접성을 연결하시오
# R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!
# R1 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!
# R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!
R1# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:48 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:44 192.168.123.1 Serial1/0.123 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:47 192.168.123.3 Serial1/0.123 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:38 192.168.123.2 Serial1/0 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1 [Network-Type 변경 전]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 NBMA로 확인
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
No designated router on this network
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------
R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.123.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 Point-to-point로 확인
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------
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