물리서버

Frame-relay

_눙이_ 2021. 11. 24. 18:41
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                                                  ### WAN구간 Layer 2 Protocol    [글꼴 : 바탕 / 굵게 / 크기 : 16]

-종류 
 : PPP , HDLC , Frame-relay , ATM

                       ## Frame-Relay 패켓 스위칭 서비스

-Router와  Ruter간 연결시 Connected통신시 사용되는 Protocol
-Router와 Router사이에서 Frame-relay Switch를 사용하여 빠른 Swtiching을 통해 데이터를 전송하는 Protocol

-장점 
-전용 회선과 동일한 전송 보장 서비스를 받을 수 있으며, 대신 전용 회선에 비해서 비용이 저렴하다.
-Layer 2 계층 서비스를 실시하기 때문에 고속능 서비스 구현이 가능하다.
-하나의 인터페이스 및 연결을 이용하여 Multi-access가 가능하다.
  [EX : 여러개의 지사(지점)이 위치해 있는 회사]

-단점 
 .다수의 사용자가 공동으로 사용하기때문에 보안에는 취약하며
  동시에 통신을 사용하게되면 신뢰적인 대역폭을 사용할수는 없다.

-Frame-relay는 DLCI라는 식별자 Code를 사용하여 통신을 실시한다. (주소체계)


-Frame-relay Virtua Circuit을 생성하여 통신을 실시
 .Frame-relay간 가상의 연결을 VC(Virtua Circuit)라고 한다.
 .VC은 수동으로 연결를 실시한 PVC와 자동으로 통신을 실시하는 SVC로 구성이 가능하다.
 .PVC(Permanent VC) : 영구적 가상회선으로 통신이 빈번히 일어나는 구간에서 효율적인 통신
 .SVC(Switched VC)   : 교환식 가상회선으로 간혈적인 통신이 실시되는 구간에서 효율적인 통신


-Frame-relay LMI (Local Management Interface)
 .기본적인 프레임 릴레이 규격화된 종류로써 DLCI에 대한 상태를 관리하며 
   시그널 메세지를 사용하여 연결 유/무를 주기적으로 확인한다.
 .LMI는 CISCO Router는 기본값 ATUO로 설정되어있으며 Frame-relay Switch의 LMI Type으로 설정된다]
 .Cisco
 .ANSI
 .Q933A 3가지가 존재한다.

interface serial 1/x
 frame-relay lmi-type [cisco | ansi | q933a]
!

-Frame-relay Status
 .Active  : Frame-relay VC이 연결된 상태  (통신이 가능한 상태)
 .Inactive  : Local Router와 FR-SW연결이 실시되었지만 FR-SW와 Remote Router간 연결이 안되었을 경우
 .Deleted  : Frame-relay연결이 실시되지 않은상태 (L2 Protocol이 다른거나 LMI Type이 다른경우)




=============================================================================================================================

                                    [실습용 Frame-relay 물리 구성도]


                         ------------------------------------------------------
                         |                             FR-Switch                              |
                         ------------------------------------------------------
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                              S1/0      S1/1      S1/2      S1/3      S0/0      S0/1
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                              S1/0      S1/0       S1/0      S1/0     S1/0      S1/0
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                               R1         R2         R3         R4       R5         R6



                        102       192.168.100.0/24                  201
                         S 1/0                          S 1/0     S1/1                             S 1/0
                    R1-------------------------------FR-------------------------------R2
                        103                        |                                     203
            S1/2
             |
             |
            S1/0 
       301   |    302
              R3
    # FRSW
no ip routing : Router 기능 해제 (Frame-relay Switch로 사용)
!
frame-relay switching  : Frame-relay Switch기능 활성화
!
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay : Layer 2 Protocol 지정
 frame-relay intf-type dce : 해당 Interface를 DCE로 지정
 clock rate 1612800 : 대역폭에 따른 전송 속도 지정
 frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201 : Frame-relay 경로 설정
 frame-relay route 103 interface serial 1/2 301 : Frame-relay 경로 설정
!
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
 frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 301 interface serial 1/0 103
 frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!

     # R1
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.2  102
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.3  103
 ip address 192.168.100.1  255.255.255.0
!

     # R2
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.1  201
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.3  203
 ip address 192.168.100.2  255.255.255.0
!

     # R3
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.1  301
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.2  302
 ip address 192.168.100.3  255.255.255.0
!

        정보 확인

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R1# ping 192.168.100.2
R1# ping 192.168.100.3

R2# show ip route
C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R2# ping 192.168.100.1
R2# ping 192.168.100.3

R3# show ip route
C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R3# ping 192.168.100.1
R3# ping 192.168.100.2


R1# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active


R2# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.3 dlci 203(0xCB,0x30B0), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active


R3# show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.100.2 dlci 302(0x12E,0x48E0), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active


-Active : Frame-relay V/C이 정상적으로 연결
-Incative : 해당 Router와 Frame-relay Switch간 구간은 연결되었으나 Remote Router와 Switch간 구간 연결상의 문제
-Delete : 해당 Router와 Frame-relay Switch간 구간 연결상의 문제
               (Layer 2 Protocol이 다른경우 , Frame-relay LMI Type이 다른 경우)
              [기본 Router는 ATUO로 설정 , Frame-relay Switch의 LMI Type으로 설정된다 , Frame-relay Switch는 LMI-type은 CISCO]




FRSW# show frame-relay route
Input Intf       Input Dlci      Output Intf     Output Dlci     Status
Serial1/0       102              Serial1/1       201               active
Serial1/0       103              Serial1/2       301               active
Serial1/1       201              Serial1/0       102               active
Serial1/1       203              Serial1/2       302               active
Serial1/2       301              Serial1/0       103               active
Serial1/2       302              Serial1/1       203               active














===========================================================================================================================================================================

                                                ### Sub-interface

-하나의 물리적 Interface를 여러개의 논리적인 Interface로 분할하여 사용하는 기능
  [Frame-relay Sub-interface는 V/C단위로 생성이 가능하다.]

-Frame-relay Sub-interface는 Point-to-point방식과 Multipoint방식으로 구성이 가능하다.

-주 Interface : Interface를 분할하지 않은 Interface [1:N]
-Sub-Interface Point-to-point : 논리적인 Interface로 분할한 Interface   [1:1연결]
-Sub-Interface Multipoint : 논리적인 Interface로 분할한 Interface [1:N]

-주 Interface =  주 Interface
-Sub-Int Point-to-point =  Sub-Int Point-to-point
-Sub-Int Multipoint =  Sub-Int Multipoint
-주 Interface =  Sub-Int Multipoint

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                   ## Point-to-point

-Point-to-point로 만들어진 Interface들은 서로 다른 네트워크로 동작을 실시하게된다.

                         ------------------------------------------------------
                         |                             FR-Switch                              |
                         ------------------------------------------------------
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                              S1/0      S1/1      S1/2      S1/3      S0/0      S0/1
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                              S1/0      S1/0       S1/0      S1/0     S1/0      S1/0
                                |           |           |          |          |          |
                               R1         R2         R3         R4       R5         R6



                        102        192.168.12.0/24     201    203        192.168.23.0/24     302
                    R1------------FRSW------------R2------------FRSW------------R3
                              S1/0.12 Point-to-point                    S1/0.23 Point-to-point


    # FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
!
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
 frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!

     # R1
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.12 point-to-point 
 frame-relay interface-dlci 102
 ip address 192.168.12.1  255.255.255.0
!

     # R2
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.12 point-to-point 
 frame-relay interface-dlci 201
 ip address 192.168.12.2  255.255.255.0
!
interface serial 1/0.23 point-to-point 
 frame-relay interface-dlci 203
 ip address 192.168.23.2  255.255.255.0
!

     # R3
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.23 point-to-point 
 frame-relay interface-dlci 302
 ip address 192.168.23.3  255.255.255.0
!

            정보 확인

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.12
R1# ping 192.168.12.2


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.12
C    192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
R2# ping 192.168.12.1
R2# ping 192.168.23.3


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
R3# ping 192.168.23.2


R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi

FRSW# show frame-relay route













------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                             ## Multipoint

-하나의 Interface를 사용하여 동일 네트워크상으로 여러대의 장비를 연결하는 기능 (NBMA)
  Frame-relay Multipoint는 Full-mash방식과 , Hub&spoke방식으로 구성이 가능하다.





       ## Full-mash

-연결된 모든 Frame-relay Router간 V/C을 연결하는 구조


                                 ---102----R1
                               / |
                          /          103
                     /        |
      201      / |
  R2------- |    192.168.123.0/24
      203      / |
                     / |
                          /          301
                               / |
                                 ---302----R3

     # FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
 frame-relay route 103 interface serial 1/2 301
!
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
 frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 301 interface serial 1/0 103
 frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!



    # R1
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 103
 ip address 192.168.123.1  255.255.255.0
!

    # R2
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 202
 ip address 192.168.123.2  255.255.255.0
!

    # R3
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 301
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302
 ip address 192.168.123.3  255.255.255.0
!

             정보 확인

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.123.2
R1# ping 192.168.123.3


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.123.1
R2# ping 192.168.123.3


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R3# ping 192.168.123.1
R3# ping 192.168.123.2

R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi

FRSW# show frame-relay route











       ## Hub&Spoke

-모든 Frame-relay Router가 Hub Router에 연결되는 구조


                                  ---102---R1
                               /
                          /
                     /
      201      /
  R2------- 192.168.123.0/24
      203      /
                     /
                          /
                               /
                                  ---302---R3

     # FRSW
no ip routing
!
frame-relay switching
!
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 102 interface serial 1/1 201
!
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 201 interface serial 1/0 102
 frame-relay route 203 interface serial 1/2 302
!
interface serial 1/2
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 clock rate 1612800
 frame-relay route 302 interface serial 1/1 203
!




    # R2   [Hub]
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203
 ip address 192.168.123.2  255.255.255.0
!

    # R1   [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 102
 ip address 192.168.123.1  255.255.255.0
!

    # R3   [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 302
 ip address 192.168.123.3  255.255.255.0
!

         정보 확인

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.123.2
R1# ping 192.168.123.3


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.123.1
R2# ping 192.168.123.3


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R3# ping 192.168.123.1
R3# ping 192.168.123.2


R1/2/3# show frame-relay map
R1/2/3# show frame-relay pvc
R1/2/3# show frame-relay lmi

FRSW# show frame-relay route












=============================================================================================================================


                                   ## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [RIP]

EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
 .각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/1에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
 .RIPv2를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오

     # R1
interface fastethernet 0/1
 no shutdown
 ip address 192.168.1.1  255.255.255.0
!
router rip
 version 2
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.1.0
 network 192.168.123.0
!

     # R2
interface fastethernet 0/1
 no shutdown
 ip address 192.168.2.2  255.255.255.0
!
router rip
 version 2
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.2.0
 network 192.168.123.0
!

     # R3
interface fastethernet 0/1
 no shutdown
 ip address 192.168.3.3  255.255.255.0
!
router rip
 version 2
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.3.0
 network 192.168.123.0
!

        정보 확인

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123



-R1 , R2 , R3에서 Routing table을 확인하게되면 Connected 정보만 확인되며 RIPv2 정보는 확인되지 않는다.

-Frame-relay Multipoint는 NBMA(Non Broadcast Multi-Access)구간으로 Broadcast를 차단한 Network이다.
  Broadcast가 실시되지 않기때문에 Multicast Traffic도 실시되지 못한다.
  'Broadcast' command를 사용하여 RIPv2 Dymamic Routing 업데이트를 실시할수 있다. 

-RIPv2 라우팅 업데이트 방식
 : 목적지 IP 주소 "Multicast 224.0.0.9"를 사용

-EIGRP 라우팅 업데이트 방식
 : 목적지 IP 주소 Multicast "224.0.0.10"를 사용

-OSPF 라우팅 업데이트 방식
 : 목적지 IP 주소 Multicast "224.0.0.5 , 224.0.0.6"를 사용



    # R2   [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 201 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 203 broadcast
!

    # R1   [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 102 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 102 broadcast
!

    # R3   [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0.123 multipoint
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.2 302 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.1 302 broadcast
!

           정보 확인

R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R    192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:00, Serial1/0.123


R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.123


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1



-Frame-relay "Broadcast" command 설정 후 Routing table을 확인하게되면 R2의 Routing Table에 
  "192.168.1.0/24 , 192.168.2.0/24 , 192.168.3.0/24" 네트워크정보가 RIPv2로 확인된다.
  하지만 R1에서는 R3의 네트워크인 192.168.3.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않으며
  R3에서는 R1의 네트워크인 192.168.1.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않는다.

-원인 
  : R1이 FastEthernet 0/0에 할당된 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크를 R2에게 RIPv2 라우팅 업데이트하게되면 
    R2는 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 해당 네트워크 정보를 수신한다.
    R2는 R1에게서 수신한 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크 정보를 Routing Table에 등록후 
    R3에게 해당 네트워크 정보를 RIPv2로 송신할수 없다 (R3의 routing table에 "192.168.1.0/24" 정보가 RIP으로 확인되지 않는다.)
    (RIPv2는 "Distance Vectr"계열의 Routing Protocol이므로 "Split-horizon"에  수신한 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신할수 없다.)
    즉 R1에게 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 수신한"192.168.1.0/24" 정보는 Split-horizon에 의해
    Serial 1/0.123 interface에 연결된 R3으로 라우팅 할수없다.

-Frame-relay는 주interface에는 Split-horizon이 동작하지 않으며 (Split-horizon Off)
  Sub-interface에는 Split-horizon가 기본적으로 동작하고있다. (Split-horizon On)

-해결 : Hub Router에서 Split-horizon기능을 해제

   # R2 (Hub)
interface serial 1/0.123
 no ip split-horizon   <--- Split-horizon 기능 해제
!

-R1 , R2 , R3 Router간 Rouitng update되며 모든 네트워크 구간이 통신된다.


R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:25, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:20, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.123
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3









             ## 정보확인 실시후 RIPv2 삭제 실시

   # R1 , R2 , R3
no router rip
!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                   ## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [EIGRP]

EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
 .각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/0에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
 .EIGRP를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오
 .AS = 100을 사용하며 자동요약 기능은 사용하지 않는다.

   # R2 [Hub]
router eigrp 100
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.2.2 0.0.0.0
 network 192.168.123.2 0.0.0.0
!

   # R1 [Spoke]
router eigrp 100
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
 network 192.168.123.1 0.0.0.0
!

   # R3 [Spoke]
router eigrp 100
 no auto-summary
 network 192.168.3.3 0.0.0.0
 network 192.168.123.3 0.0.0.0
!

       정보확인

R1# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 1개 확인]
R2# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 2개 확인]
R3# show ip eigrp neighbor [인접성 1개 확인]


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    192.168.3.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:01, Serial1/0.123

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0.123

R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0




-설정 후 R1 , R2 , R3의 Routing table을 확인하게되면 R2의 Routing Table에 
  "192.168.1.0/24 , 192.168.2.0/24 , 192.168.3.0/24" 네트워크정보가 EIGRP로 확인된다.
  하지만 R1에서는 R3의 네트워크인 192.168.3.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않으며
  R3에서는 R1의 네트워크인 192.168.1.0/24 정보가 확인되지 않는다.

-원인 
  : R1이 FastEthernet 0/0에 할당된 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크를 R2에게 EIGRP 라우팅 업데이트하게되면 
    R2는 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 해당 네트워크 정보를 수신한다.
    R2는 R1에게서 수신한 "192.168.1.0/24" 네트워크 정보를 Routing Table에 등록후 
    R3에게 해당 네트워크 정보를 RIPv2로 송신할수 없다 (R3의 routing table에 "192.168.1.0/24" 정보가 EIGRP로 확인되지 않는다.)
    (EIGRP는 "Distance Vectr"계열의 Routing Protocol이므로 "Split-horizon"에  수신한 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신할수 없다.)
    즉 R1에게 Serial 1/0.123 interface로 수신한"192.168.1.0/24" 정보는 Split-horizon에 의해
    Serial 1/0.123 interface에 연결된 R3으로 라우팅 업데이트 할수없다.

-EIGRP도 Distance Vectr이므로 Split-horizon에 의해 업데이트받은 정보를 동일 Interface로 송신하지 못한다

     # R2  [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 100  <-- EIGRP Split-horizon 기능 해제
!

-R1 , R2 , R3간 모든 Rouitng update가 실시되어지며 모든 네트워크간 통신이 실시된다.

R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:00, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.3.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:42, Serial1/0.123
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1


R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:04, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    192.168.3.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:02, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2


R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:00:43, Serial1/0.123
D    192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.123.2, 00:02:59, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3







             ## 정보확인 실시후 EIGRP 삭제 실시

   # R1 , R2 , R3
no router eigrp 100
!


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                   ## Frame-relay Hub&Spoke방식 [OSPF]

EX1) 아래의 조건에 맞게 설정을 실시하시오
 .각 Router에 FastEthernet 0/0에 192.168.x.x/24 IP 주소를 설정하시오 [x = Router번호]
 .OSPF를 사용하여 모든 네트워크 구간에서 통신이 실시되도록 설정을 실시하시오
 .Process = 100 , Area = 0 을 사용하며 Router-ID = x.x.x.x   [x = Router번호]

   # R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 network 192.168.2.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!


   # R1 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 network 192.168.1.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!


   # R3 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
 router-id 3.3.3.3
 network 192.168.3.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!

              정보확인

R1/2/3# show ip ospf neighbor   [인접성 연결 X]
R1/2/3# show ip route              [Routing Table에 Connecte만 확인]


-설정 완료 후 Neighbor table에는 OSPF 인접성 정보가 확인되지 않으며 Routing table을 확인하게되면 Conneced 정보만 확인된다.


==================================================================================================================
       Network Type  |    Hello/Dead |            DR/BDR |         통신 Protocol |
==================================================================================================================
 .Broadcast (BMA) |      10/40 |            선출함 |  Ethernet , FastEthernet |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .Non Broadcast (NBMA) |      30/120 |            선출함 |  F/R Multipoint , NBMA구간 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .Point-to-point |      10/40 |           선출안함 |  PPP , HDLC , F/R P2P |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .Point-to-Multipoint |      30/120 |            선출안함 |  없음 (OSPF에만 존재하는 환경) |
==================================================================================================================




                   [NBMA 구간에서 OSPF 인접성 연결 방법]

-1. NBMA구간에서 OSPF는 "DR/BDR"을 선출시 'Neighbor' command를 지정한 Router와 인접성을 맺는다

-2. NBMA구간에서 두대의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-point로 변경

-3. NBMA구간에서 3대 이상의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-multipoint로 변경



-1. NBMA구간에서 OSPF는 "DR/BDR"을 선출시 'Neighbor' command를 지정한 Router와 인접성을 맺는다

EX1) R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 환경에서 OSPF를 구성하여 모든 네트워크간 통신되도록 설정하시오
 .OSPF Process = 100 , Area = 0 , Router-ID = X.X.X.X  (X = Router 번호)
 .R2가 DR로 선출되어야하며 BDR은 선출하지 않아야 한다.

   # R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 network 192.168.2.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!

   # R1 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 network 192.168.1.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!

   # R3 [Spoke]
router ospf 100
 router-id 3.3.3.3
 network 192.168.3.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
 network 192.168.123.0  0.0.0.255  area 0
!


   # R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
 ip ospf priority 255 <----- R2를 DR로 선출하기위한 우선순위값 설정
!

   # R1 , R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/00
 ip ospf priority 0 <----- R1 , R3을 BDR을 선출하지 않기위한 우선순위값 설정
!

   # R2 [Hub]
router ospf 100
 neighbor 192.168.123.1 <--- OSPF NBMA환경에서 DR을 선출하면서 인접성을 연결하기위해서는 "neighbor" command를 사용해야한다.
 neighbor 192.168.123.3 <--- OSPF NBMA환경에서 DR을 선출하면서 인접성을 연결하기위해서는 "neighbor" command를 사용해야한다.
!

        정보 확인

R1# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
2.2.2.2          255   FULL/DR          00:01:46       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0 <---- R2가 DR로 선출

R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
1.1.1.1             0   FULL/DROTHER     00:01:38      192.168.123.1    Serial1/0.123 <---- R1이 DROTHER로 선출
3.3.3.3             0   FULL/DROTHER     00:01:43      192.168.123.3    Serial1/0.123 <---- R3이 DROTHER로 선출

R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
2.2.2.2          255   FULL/DR          00:01:46       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0 <---- R2가 DR로 선출


R1# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:25, Serial1/0
O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:25, Serial1/0
R1# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.1.1
R1# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.1.1


R2# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.123
O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:31, Serial1/0.123
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.3, 00:03:31, Serial1/0.123
R2# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.2
R2# ping 192.168.3.3 source 192.168.2.2


R3# show ip route
C    192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.1, 00:03:31, Serial1/0
O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.123.2, 00:03:31, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3# ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.3.3
R3# ping 192.168.2.2 source 192.168.3.3











-2. NBMA구간에서 두대의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-point로 변경

EX) R1 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 OSPF인접성을 연결하시오
 .R1 , R3 연결구간에서 DR/BDR은 선출하지 않아야한다

    # R1
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.13.3  113 broadcast
 ip address 192.168.13.1  255.255.255.0
 ip ospf network point-to-point
!
router ospf 100
 network 192.168.13.0  0.0.0.255 area 0
!

    # R3
interface serial 1/1
 no shutdown
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay map ip 192.168.13.1  311 broadcast
 ip address 192.168.13.3  255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 100
 network 192.168.13.0  0.0.0.255 area 0
 ip ospf network point-to-point
!

        정보 확인

R1# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
3.3.3.3             0   FULL/  -         00:00:36       192.168.13.3     Serial1/1     <---- R3과 인접성 연결시 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
2.2.2.2          255   FULL/DR          00:01:56       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0


R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
1.1.1.1             0   FULL/  -         00:00:33       192.168.13.1     Serial1/1     <---- R1과 인접성 연결시 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
2.2.2.2          255   FULL/DR          00:01:28       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0



R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1    [Network-Type 변경 전]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0 
  Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 NBMA로 확인
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
   ------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------


R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1    [Network-Type 변경 후]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0 
  Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 Point-to-point로 확인
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 
   ------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------




-3. NBMA구간에서 3대 이상의 Router를 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 인접성을 연결위해서는 Network type을 point-to-multipoint로 변

EX) R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR은 선출하지않고 OSPF 인접성을 연결하시오

   # R2 [Hub]
interface serial 1/0.123
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!

   # R1 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!

   # R3 [Spoke]
interface serial 1/0
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!


R1# show ip ospf neighbor            
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
2.2.2.2             0   FULL/  -         00:01:48       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.


R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
1.1.1.1             0   FULL/  -         00:01:44       192.168.123.1    Serial1/0.123 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.
3.3.3.3             0   FULL/  -         00:01:47       192.168.123.3    Serial1/0.123 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.


R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State            Dead Time    Address          Interface
2.2.2.2             0   FULL/  -         00:01:38       192.168.123.2    Serial1/0 <---- R1 , R2 , R3 Frame-relay 구간에서 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않는다.



R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/1    [Network-Type 변경 전]
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 192.168.13.1/24, Area 0 
  Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 NBMA로 확인
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
   ------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------


R1# show ip ospf interface serial 1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 192.168.123.1/24, Area 0 
  Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64 <------ Network-Type이 Point-to-point로 확인
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
   ------------------ 정보 확인 -------------------
























































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